Pattern 185X Navyphones: Difference between revisions

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The Royal Navy's '''Pattern 1855''' (for upper deck use) and '''Pattern 1856''' (for engine room use) [[Navyphone]]s were created in 1902 for shipboard communication.<ref>''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902'', pp. 60-1 and Plate 25.</ref> The original models were battery powered, though the 1856 was followed in 1907 by a '''Pattern 1856A''' which could be powered by motor generator.<ref>''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907'', p. 77 and Plate 11.</ref> There was no Pattern 1855A navyphone; instead it seems that the [[Pattern 2140A]] was partnered with the 1856A.
The Royal Navy's '''Pattern 1855''' (for upper deck use) and '''Pattern 1856''' (for engine room use) [[Navyphone]]s were created in 1902 for shipboard communication.{{ARTS1902|pp. 60-1 and Plate 25}} The original models were battery powered, though the 1856 was followed in 1907 by a '''Pattern 1856A''' which could be powered by motor generator.{{ARTS1907|p. 77 and Plate 11}} There was no Pattern 1855A navyphone; instead it seems that the [[Pattern 2140A]] was partnered with the 1856A.


==Pattern 1855 Navyphone==
==Pattern 1855 Navyphone==
[[File:Pattern1855Navyphone_TDB1914.jpg|thumb|400px|'''Pattern 1855 Navyphone'''<br>As shown in ''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914''. Presumably, the little circle at upper right is the call-up button, but this was actually located on the left side.{{INF}} ]]
[[File:Pattern1855Navyphone_TDB1914.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Pattern 1855 Navyphone'''{{TorpDB1914|p. 259}}  <br> Presumably, the little circle at upper right is the call-up button, but this was actually located on the left side.{{INF}} ]]


The pattern 1855 navyphone was essentially an intercom.  It first saw use in 1902.<ref>''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902'', pp. 60-1 and Plate 25.</ref> By a lack of contrary evidence, it appears that it was always wired directly to one other navyphone, possibly always a Pattern 1856 located in an engine room.
The pattern 1855 navyphone was essentially an intercom.  It first saw use in 1902.{{ARTS1902|pp. 60-1 and Plate 25}} By a lack of contrary evidence, it appears that it was always wired directly to one other navyphone, possibly always a Pattern 1856 located in an engine room.


===Form Factor===
===Form Factor===
The 1855 was bulkhead mounted in a cylindrical iron case, approximately 15cm across.<ref>estimating from ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902'', Plate 25.</ref>  It had a push-to-talk lever marked ''Press whilst talking''<ref>''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902'', p. 60.</ref> (or ''Press whilst speaking''<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 259.</ref>) on the right side and a speaking transmitter on its face.  Like many Graham navyphones, its speaker was inside and faced rearward; a metallic horn around 60mm at its mouth came out from beneath the chassis and projected the remote speaker's voice out to the local listener.   
The 1855 was bulkhead mounted in a cylindrical iron case, approximately 15cm across.<ref>estimating from ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902'', Plate 25.</ref>  It had a push-to-talk lever marked ''Press whilst talking''{{ARTS1902|p. 60}} (or ''Press whilst speaking''{{TorpDB1914|p. 259}}) on the right side and a speaking transmitter on its face.  Like many Graham navyphones, its speaker was inside and faced rearward; a metallic horn around 60mm at its mouth came out from beneath the chassis and projected the remote speaker's voice out to the local listener.   


A call-up button on the left side<ref>''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902'', p. 60.</ref> sufficed to ring the bell at both the local and remote terminals.  The bells and the battery were not an integral part of the navyphone.
A call-up button on the left side{{ARTS1902|p. 60}} sufficed to ring the bell at both the local and remote terminals.  The bells and the battery were not an integral part of the navyphone.


The Hunning cone-type transmitter was affixed by 3 screws and could be revolved (by rolling about its axis)<ref>''Electrical Drill Book, 1924'', p. 275.</ref> "to shake up the carbon granules."<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 260.</ref>
The Hunning cone-type transmitter was affixed by 3 screws and could be revolved (by rolling about its axis){{ElecDB1924|p. 275}} "to shake up the carbon granules."{{TorpDB1914|p. 260}}


Like most navyphones before those used in ''Lord Nelson'', ''Bellerophon'' and later classes, these phones were powered in pairs off six pattern 1453 cells in a pattern 1704 battery box.<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 263.</ref>
Like most navyphones before those used in ''Lord Nelson'', ''Bellerophon'' and later classes, these phones were powered in pairs off six pattern 1453 cells in a pattern 1704 battery box.{{TorpDB1914|p. 263}}


===Service Life===
===Service Life===
It appears that the 1855 had no direct heirs to carry on the pattern number.  The 1856A which followed its sister, however, is depicted working with a [[Pattern 2140A Navyphone]] in the 1907 Annual Report of the Torpedo School, suggesting this was the 1855's successor model.{{ARTS1907|Plate 11}}


It appears that the 1855 had no direct heirs to carry on the pattern number.  The 1856A which followed its sister, however, is depicted working with a [[Pattern 2140A Navyphone]] in the 1907 Annual Report of the Torpedo School, suggesting this was the 1855's successor model.<ref>''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907'', Plate 11.</ref>
These phones were almost certainly obsolete by 1924, by which time only phones in the [[Pattern 246X Navyphones|2460]] and [[Pattern 333X Navyphones|3330]] series were in general use.{{ElecDB1924|p. 286}}
 
These phones were almost certainly obsolete by 1924, by which time only phones in the [[Pattern 246X Navyphones]|2460]] and [[Pattern 333X Navyphones]|3330]] series were in general use.<ref>''Electrical Drill Book, 1924'', p. 286.</ref>


==Pattern 1856 Navyphone==
==Pattern 1856 Navyphone==
 
[[File:Pattern1856Navyphone_TDB1914.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Pattern 1856 Navyphone'''<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914.'', p. 260</ref>  <br>The small circle at the 1 o'clock position may be a call indicating lamp or the call-up push.{{INF}} ]]
The 1856 was similar to the 1855, but specialised for use in the high-noise environment of an engine room and provides a great example of how comical some of the early navyphones could be.  It was introduced in 1902 along with the 1855.<ref>''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902'', pp. 60-1 and Plate 25.</ref>
The 1856 was similar to the 1855, but specialised for use in the high-noise environment of an engine room and provides a great example of how comical some of the early navyphones could be.  It was introduced in 1902 along with the 1855.{{ARTS1902|pp. 60-1 and Plate 25}}


===Form Factor===
===Form Factor===
Like the 1855, the 1856 was bulkhead mounted in a cylindrical iron chassis, approximately 13cm across,<ref>estimating from ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1903'', Plate 20.</ref> but it differed considerably in how one listened to its receiver.  When the external call-up bell<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 261.</ref> was hear to ring, someone would walk over and answer the call by swinging a rigid copper arm upward and outward through 90 degrees so he could place the rubber ear cup on its end over his ear.  This action switched out the bell call-up circuit and activated the face-mounted transmitter and receivers.  A second earpiece on a flexible copper tube could be cupped over his other ear to help isolate him from the noisy engineroom.
Like the 1855, the 1856 was bulkhead mounted in a cylindrical iron chassis, approximately 13cm across,<ref>estimating from ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1903'', Plate 20.</ref> but it differed considerably in how one listened to its receiver.  When the external call-up bell<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 261.</ref> was hear to ring, someone would walk over and answer the call by swinging a rigid copper arm upward and outward through 90 degrees so he could place the rubber ear cup on its end over his ear.  This action switched out the bell call-up circuit and activated the face-mounted transmitter and receivers.  A second earpiece on a flexible copper tube could be cupped over his other ear to help isolate him from the noisy engineroom.
[[File:Pattern1856Navyphone_TDB1914.jpg|thumb|120px|'''Pattern 1856 Navyphone'''<br>As shown in Torpedo Drill Book, 1914.  The small circle at the 1 o'clock position may be a call indicating lamp.{{INF}} ]]


The transmitter was affixed by 3 screws and could be revolved (by rolling about its axis)<ref>''Electrical Drill Book, 1924'', p. 275.</ref> "to shake up the carbon granules."<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 260.</ref>
The transmitter was affixed by 3 screws and could be revolved (by rolling about its axis)<ref>''Electrical Drill Book, 1924'', p. 275.</ref> "to shake up the carbon granules."<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 260.</ref>
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===Service Life===
===Service Life===
 
The 1856 was supplanted by the Pattern 1856A in 1907 as part of the move away from battery-powered navyphones.{{ARTS1907|pp. 76-7}} It is not clear whether existing installations were updated.
The 1856 was supplanted by the Pattern 1856A in 1907 as part of the move away from battery-powered navyphones.<ref>''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907'', pp. 76-7.</ref> It is not clear whether existing installations were updated.


==Pattern 1856A Navyphone==
==Pattern 1856A Navyphone==
 
[[File:Pattern1856ANavyphone_TDB1914.jpg|thumb|300px|'''Pattern 1856 Navyphone'''<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914.'', p. 266</ref>  <br>The small circle at the 1 o'clock position may be a call indicating lamp or the call-up push.{{INF}} ]]
The 1856A was an engine room navyphone introduced in 1907.<ref>''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907'', pp. 76-7.</ref> Primarily, it differed from the 1856 by being able to draw power from a motor generator supply rather than a battery.
The 1856A was an engine room navyphone introduced in 1907.{{ARTS1907|pp. 76-7}} Primarily, it differed from the 1856 by being able to draw power from a motor generator supply rather than a battery.


===Form Factor===
===Form Factor===
The 1856A was bulkhead mounted in a cylindrical iron chassis, approximately 13cm across.<ref>estimating from ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1903'', Plate 20.</ref>  When the external call-up bell<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 261.</ref> was hear to ring, someone would walk over and answer the call by swinging a rigid copper arm upward and outward 90 degrees so he could place the rubber ear cup on its end over his ear.  This action switched out the bell call-up circuit and activated the transmitter and receivers.  A second earpiece on a flexible copper tube could be cupped over his other ear to help isolate him from the noisy engineroom.  There was a call-up push button to ring the other end.<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 268.</ref>
The 1856A was bulkhead mounted in a cylindrical iron chassis, approximately 13cm across.<ref>estimating from ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1903'', Plate 20.</ref>  When the external call-up bell<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 261.</ref> was hear to ring, someone would walk over and answer the call by swinging a rigid copper arm upward and outward 90 degrees so he could place the rubber ear cup on its end over his ear.  This action switched out the bell call-up circuit and activated the transmitter and receivers.  A second earpiece on a flexible copper tube could be cupped over his other ear to help isolate him from the noisy engineroom.  There was a call-up push button to ring the other end.<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 268.</ref>
[[File:Pattern1856Navyphone_TDB1914.jpg|thumb|120px|'''Pattern 1856 Navyphone'''<br>As shown in Torpedo Drill Book, 1914.  The small circle at the 1 o'clock position is the call-up push.{{INF}} ]]


The transmitter was affixed by 3 screws and could be revolved (by rolling about its axis)<ref>''Electrical Drill Book, 1924'', p. 275.</ref> "to shake up the carbon granules."<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 260.</ref>
The transmitter was affixed by 3 screws and could be revolved (by rolling about its axis)<ref>''Electrical Drill Book, 1924'', p. 275.</ref> "to shake up the carbon granules."<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 260.</ref>
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===Service Life===
===Service Life===
The ''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'' lists the universal [[Pattern 2461 Navyphone]] as the successor to the 1856A.<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 269.</ref>  It is not certain whether existing installations were updated.
The ''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'' lists the universal [[Pattern 2461 Navyphone]] as the successor to the 1856A.<ref>''Torpedo Drill Book, 1914'', p. 269.</ref>  It is not certain whether existing installations were updated.


Line 65: Line 57:


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
<small>
{{refbegin}}
*{{BibUKTorpedoDrillBook1914}}
*{{TorpDB1914}}
*{{BibUKARTS1902}}
*{{ARTS1902}}
*{{BibUKARTS1903}}
*{{ARTS1903}}
*{{BibUKARTS1907}}
*{{ARTS1907}}
*{{BibUKElectricalDrillBook1924}}
*{{ElecDB1924}}
</small>
{{refend}}


[[Category:Communications Equipment]]
[[Category:Communications Equipment]]
[[Category:Shipboard Equipment]]
[[Category:Shipboard Equipment]]

Latest revision as of 20:11, 30 October 2012

The Royal Navy's Pattern 1855 (for upper deck use) and Pattern 1856 (for engine room use) Navyphones were created in 1902 for shipboard communication.[1] The original models were battery powered, though the 1856 was followed in 1907 by a Pattern 1856A which could be powered by motor generator.[2] There was no Pattern 1855A navyphone; instead it seems that the Pattern 2140A was partnered with the 1856A.

Pattern 1855 Navyphone

Pattern 1855 Navyphone[3]
Presumably, the little circle at upper right is the call-up button, but this was actually located on the left side.[Inference]

The pattern 1855 navyphone was essentially an intercom. It first saw use in 1902.[4] By a lack of contrary evidence, it appears that it was always wired directly to one other navyphone, possibly always a Pattern 1856 located in an engine room.

Form Factor

The 1855 was bulkhead mounted in a cylindrical iron case, approximately 15cm across.[5] It had a push-to-talk lever marked Press whilst talking[6] (or Press whilst speaking[7]) on the right side and a speaking transmitter on its face. Like many Graham navyphones, its speaker was inside and faced rearward; a metallic horn around 60mm at its mouth came out from beneath the chassis and projected the remote speaker's voice out to the local listener.

A call-up button on the left side[8] sufficed to ring the bell at both the local and remote terminals. The bells and the battery were not an integral part of the navyphone.

The Hunning cone-type transmitter was affixed by 3 screws and could be revolved (by rolling about its axis)[9] "to shake up the carbon granules."[10]

Like most navyphones before those used in Lord Nelson, Bellerophon and later classes, these phones were powered in pairs off six pattern 1453 cells in a pattern 1704 battery box.[11]

Service Life

It appears that the 1855 had no direct heirs to carry on the pattern number. The 1856A which followed its sister, however, is depicted working with a Pattern 2140A Navyphone in the 1907 Annual Report of the Torpedo School, suggesting this was the 1855's successor model.[12]

These phones were almost certainly obsolete by 1924, by which time only phones in the 2460 and 3330 series were in general use.[13]

Pattern 1856 Navyphone

Pattern 1856 Navyphone[14]
The small circle at the 1 o'clock position may be a call indicating lamp or the call-up push.[Inference]

The 1856 was similar to the 1855, but specialised for use in the high-noise environment of an engine room and provides a great example of how comical some of the early navyphones could be. It was introduced in 1902 along with the 1855.[15]

Form Factor

Like the 1855, the 1856 was bulkhead mounted in a cylindrical iron chassis, approximately 13cm across,[16] but it differed considerably in how one listened to its receiver. When the external call-up bell[17] was hear to ring, someone would walk over and answer the call by swinging a rigid copper arm upward and outward through 90 degrees so he could place the rubber ear cup on its end over his ear. This action switched out the bell call-up circuit and activated the face-mounted transmitter and receivers. A second earpiece on a flexible copper tube could be cupped over his other ear to help isolate him from the noisy engineroom.

The transmitter was affixed by 3 screws and could be revolved (by rolling about its axis)[18] "to shake up the carbon granules."[19]

Like most navyphones before those used in Lord Nelson, Bellerophon and later classes, these phones were probably battery-powered, initially, powered in pairs off six pattern 1453 cells in a pattern 1704 battery box.[20] This box was separate.

Service Life

The 1856 was supplanted by the Pattern 1856A in 1907 as part of the move away from battery-powered navyphones.[21] It is not clear whether existing installations were updated.

Pattern 1856A Navyphone

Pattern 1856 Navyphone[22]
The small circle at the 1 o'clock position may be a call indicating lamp or the call-up push.[Inference]

The 1856A was an engine room navyphone introduced in 1907.[23] Primarily, it differed from the 1856 by being able to draw power from a motor generator supply rather than a battery.

Form Factor

The 1856A was bulkhead mounted in a cylindrical iron chassis, approximately 13cm across.[24] When the external call-up bell[25] was hear to ring, someone would walk over and answer the call by swinging a rigid copper arm upward and outward 90 degrees so he could place the rubber ear cup on its end over his ear. This action switched out the bell call-up circuit and activated the transmitter and receivers. A second earpiece on a flexible copper tube could be cupped over his other ear to help isolate him from the noisy engineroom. There was a call-up push button to ring the other end.[26]

The transmitter was affixed by 3 screws and could be revolved (by rolling about its axis)[27] "to shake up the carbon granules."[28]

Like most navyphones before those used in Lord Nelson, Bellerophon and later classes, these phones were probably battery-powered, initially, powered in pairs off six pattern 1453 cells in a pattern 1704 battery box.[29] This box was separate.

Service Life

The Torpedo Drill Book, 1914 lists the universal Pattern 2461 Navyphone as the successor to the 1856A.[30] It is not certain whether existing installations were updated.

See Also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902. pp. 60-1 and Plate 25.
  2. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907. p. 77 and Plate 11.
  3. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914. p. 259.
  4. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902. pp. 60-1 and Plate 25.
  5. ↑ estimating from Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902, Plate 25.
  6. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902. p. 60.
  7. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914. p. 259.
  8. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902. p. 60.
  9. ↑ Electrical Drill Book, 1924. p. 275.
  10. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914. p. 260.
  11. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914. p. 263.
  12. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907. Plate 11.
  13. ↑ Electrical Drill Book, 1924. p. 286.
  14. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914., p. 260
  15. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902. pp. 60-1 and Plate 25.
  16. ↑ estimating from Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1903, Plate 20.
  17. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914, p. 261.
  18. ↑ Electrical Drill Book, 1924, p. 275.
  19. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914, p. 260.
  20. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914, p. 263.
  21. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907. pp. 76-7.
  22. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914., p. 266
  23. ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907. pp. 76-7.
  24. ↑ estimating from Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1903, Plate 20.
  25. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914, p. 261.
  26. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914, p. 268.
  27. ↑ Electrical Drill Book, 1924, p. 275.
  28. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914, p. 260.
  29. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914, p. 263.
  30. ↑ Torpedo Drill Book, 1914, p. 269.

Bibliography

  • H.M.S.O., London (1914). Torpedo Drill Book, 1914 (Corrected to May 15) Copy in Tony Lovell's library.
  • H.M.S. Vernon. Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1902. Copy 268 at The National Archives. ADM 189/22.
  • H.M.S. Vernon. Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1903, with Appendix (Wireless Telegraphy). Copy 478 at The National Archives. ADM 189/23.
  • H.M.S. Vernon. Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1907, with Appendix (Wireless Telegraphy). Copy 9 at The National Archives. ADM 189/27.
  • D.T.M. Department, Admiralty (1924). Electrical Drill Book. O.U. 5317. Copy in Tony Lovell's library.

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