Category:Gunnery (UK): Difference between revisions

Victorian Era

In his memoirs, Admiral Sir Herbert G. King-Hall recalled an incident from when he was a midshipman in the battleship Alexandra, flagship in the Mediterranean:

From Phalerun the Alexandra was sent on a punishment cruise for ten days, as some gun-sights had been thrown overboard—the orthodox sign of protest over some grievance among the ship's company.^[1]

Battle Practice

In May, 1905, The Times announced new conditions for battle practice:

Each ship firing is to be cleared for action, worked as in action, and steered from the conning tower, all the officers and men being at their proper stations. Sufficient umpires are to be appointed to admit of there being at least one to take times and clock the ranges from the chief umpire's ship, which will lead the firing ship and make the signals for opening fire, altering course, and terminating the practice; at least two more to see that the regulations are followed on board the firing ship; and two more to note the hits on the canvas. The target to be used will measure 90ft. in length by 30ft. in height, and full instructions are given as to the mode in which it is to be moored and approached by the firing ship. Only guns on one side of the ship, and only hits on the canvas or the roping of the canvas sails of the target will be allowed to count. A special speed is denoted for the purpose of the practice, and penalties are to be inflicted for infringement of any of the rules. At the conclusion of the practice the commanding officer of the ship firing is to report to the chief umpire th enumber of rounds fired per gun, the arrangements made for control of fire, any failures or accidents, and the number of hits allowed by the umpires. The new method of procedure is to come into effect immediately.^[2]

Under these conditions, the King Edward VII, flagship of the Atlantic Fleet, performed a battle practice with Rear-Admiral Percy M. Scott (the Inspector of Target Practice) on board in October, 1905. The ship was steaming at 15 knots and fired at a range of 6,000 yards. Out of eleven shots fired by her 12-inch guns she made ten hits; from her 9.2-inch she fired thirty-one rounds and made fifteen hits; from her 6-inch guns she fired seventy-one rounds and made twenty-six hits.^[3]

In announcing the Navy Estimates for 1907-1908, the First Lord of the Admiralty, Lord Tweedmouth, stated that, "the conditions in the last year were considerably more difficult than before, the mean range being 1,000 yards greater, and the time available for firing one minute less."^[4]

Random Thoughts

Admiral Sir Frank R. Twiss, apparently a student of the "Pollen system", wrote to Vice-Admiral Sir Louis Le Bailly, "… what, I often ponder is, would not history have been different in World War I had we had in 1905 a few qualified and bright engineers on the staff or on the Board, instead of keeping them 'battened down' and 'out of sight'." Continuing on this theme, Le Bailly claimed that men who assisted the Board, such as Dreyer, "were not educated to take the products of Pollen's fertile mind, adapt them to the very real difficulties of war at sea and thus perhaps revolutionise the striking power of the Royal Navy of that era."

The Twiss/Le Bailly line of reasoning fails on a number of levels.

1. In 1905 there were no such things as what may be termed "Staff Requirements." There were Board specifications, which the Board framed with the advice of its chief technical advisers.
2. Twiss doesn't elaborate on what influence and experience his "few qualified and bright engineers" would bring to the table. The implication is that the Board weren't qualified or bright enough to frame the afore-mentioned specifications.

Published Results

• Gunlayers' test results for 1904 were issued as a Blue Book [Cd. 2511] on 26 May, 1905.^[5]
• Battle practice results for 1905 were issued as a Parliamentary Paper [Cd. 2704] in February, 1906.^[6]
• Battle practice results for 1906 were issued as a Parliamentary Paper [Cd. 3321] in January, 1907.^[7]
• Battle practice results for 1907 were issued as a Parliamentary Paper [Cd. 3943] in March, 1908.^[8]
• Battle practice results for 1908 were issued as a Parliamentary Paper [Cd. 4514] in March, 1909.^[9]
• Battle practice results for 1909 were issued as a Parliamentary Paper [Cd. 5089] on 22 March, 1910, and issued by the Gunnery Branch as No. 470.^[10]
• Battle practice results for 1910 were issued as a Parliamentary Paper [Cd. 5592] on 10 April, 1911, and issued by the Gunnery Branch as No. 489.^[11]
• Gunlayers' test results for 1913 were issued by the Gunnery Branch as No. 549 on 6 May, 1914.^[12]

Footnotes

Primary Sources