Difference between revisions of "Edmund Robert Fremantle"

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[[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] {{HONSIR}} '''Edmund Robert Fremantle''', G.C.B., C.M.G., Royal Navy (15 June, 1836, – 10 February, 1929) was an officer of the [[Royal Navy]].
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[[File:Sir-Edmund-Robert-Fremantle, NPG x167679.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Admiral Edmund R. Fremantle, 1917.<br><small>Portrait: © National Portrait Gallery, London.</small>]]
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[[Admiral (Royal Navy)|Admiral]] {{HONSIR}} '''Edmund Robert Fremantle''', G.C.B., G.C.V.O., C.M.G., F.R.G.S., Royal Navy (15 June, 1836  &ndash; 10 February, 1929) was an officer of the [[Royal Navy]].
  
 
==Early Life & Career==
 
==Early Life & Career==
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Edmund Robert Fremantle, the fourth son of Thomas Francis Fremantle, First Baron Cottesloe, by his wife, Louisa Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Field-Marshal Sir George Nugent, First Baronet, was born in London on 15 June, 1836. When he was old enough to know his own mind he had no doubt as to the profession he should follow.  His great-grandfather, Sir Thomas Francis Fremantle, had been Nelson's friend, and he had two uncles who were then Post-Captains in the navy, so that he felt himself "bound to enter the naval service."  After going to Mr. Tabor's school at Cheam in Surrey, where great stress was laid on punctuality and correctness of demeanour, he obtained a nomination from the [[First Sea Lord]], Sir James Whitley Deans Dundas.  He went to Portsmouth in 1849 for his entrance examination, and after a correct answer to the question "If a yard of cloth costs 1s. 4d. how much will three yards cost?" and a correctly written "dictation" was told that he had passed "a very good examination."
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Fremantle was promoted to the rank of {{CaptRN}} on 15 April, 1867.{{Gaz|23242|2313|16 April, 1867}}
  
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Fremantle's first appointment was to the Queen, 116 guns, Captain Charles Wise, flying the flag of Admiral Sir William Parker, the "last of Nelson's captains."  Having spent three years in the Mediterranean, he came home and was appointed to the Spartan frigate, 26 guns, Captain Sir William Hoste, for service on the China station.  There he had his first taste of war in the Burmese War of 1852.
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He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Third Class, or Companion, in the Military Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (C.B.) on 13 March, 1874.{{Gaz|24082|1921|31 March, 1874}}  He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Third Class, or Companion, of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (C.M.G.) on 8 May.{{Gaz|24093|2445|8 May, 1874}}
  
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The six years' service then required to qualify for Mate's rank were completed by Fremantle in June, 1855.  In December of the same year he was made acting {{LieutRN}}, but he was not confirmed as Lieutenant until 14 January, 1857 at the age of twenty.  The Spartan's commission lasted five and a half years, Sir William Hoste remaining throughout in command.  During this long service Fremantle acquired a taste for serious reading.  "In my midshipman's days in the Spartan I read through Gibbon, … Alison's History of Europe, Shakespeare, Byron, and many standard works; while James's Naval History, over which I talked and argued with some of my mess-mates, became a household word with us … In this way many naval officers of my day did much to make up for defective early education, and I think our knowledge of naval history was generally superior to that of our better instructed successors. …" Of these early years of service he wrote: "If I took my lessons as a naval officer from the Queen, my time in the Spartan gave me my real sea experience and I believe to a great extent formed my character."
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While appointed to the ''Spartan'' on the [[China Station]], Fremantle saved a drowning man.  In June, 1877 he was awarded the [[Royal Humane Society's Bronze Medal]] for jumping overboard to save the life of a boy in Plymouth Sound.  Incredibly, in February 1880 while in command of the {{UK-1Invincible}}, Fremantle jumped overboard in boots while the ship was making six knots to save a man.  This deed was so great that he was awarded the R.H.S. Silver Medal and also the [[Stanhope Medal]] which marked it as the year's pinnacle of rescue bravery.<ref>Obituary.</ref>
  
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On his return to England in 1857 Fremantle spent eight months on half pay.  In July, 1858 he was appointed [[Flag Lieutenant]] to his uncle, Admiral Sir Charles Fremantle, who was then commanding the Channel Squadron, and served with his flag in the ''Renown'' (July–October, 1858) and the ''Royal Albert'' (October, 1858–October, 1860).  As his uncle did not complete the full three years in command, Fremantle did not at once obtain his promotion on hauling down the flag, but a fortnight later (25 October, 1860) he was appointed as fifth lieutenant to the ''Neptune'' in the Mediterranean, later commanded by Captain [[Geoffrey Thomas Phipps Hornby]].  Nine months later he obtained his promotion to {{CommRN}} on 9 July, 1861 and, as a necessary consequence, a long period of half pay.  This time was not, in his opinion, wasted.  He agreed with what his former captain, Hornby, had remarked, that, given a sound grounding on naval matters, a man's mind was enlarged, and he became a more capable officer, through mixing in civil society and affairs.  For much the same reason Fremantle favoured early promotion, even at the expense of "favouritism", for the reason that men who serve long in the junior ranks may become "deeply immersed in the routine of the service and perhaps too full of details" to acquire the qualities more needed in a great commander than mere technical knowledge.  This by no means implied that he considered technical knowledge unnecessary.  On the occasions on which he was on half pay he seized the opportunities to study, as a Commander, steam engineering, mathematics, and nautical astronomy, and, as a captain, gunnery.  He then made the acquaintance of that distinguished naval thinker, Captain [[Philip Howard Colomb]], and attended lectures at the Royal United Service Institution; thus he kept in touch with both the technique and the theory of naval science.
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Fremantle was awarded the [[Royal United Service Institution]] Gold Medal for an essay he wrote in 1879, beating out six other competitors on the assigned topic, "Naval tactics on the open sea, with the existing types of vessels and weapons."
  
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The Maori War in New Zealand was in progress in 1864, and Fremantle, seeing that the Commander of the ''Eclipse'' had been severely wounded in the fighting, went to London and applied for the vacancy.  A few days later he received notice of his appointment and that he must sail by the next mail ship; this he did, although he had been rather seriously injured in a hunting accident, and joined his ship in New Zealand in April, 1864.  The ''Eclipse'' was a 700-ton steamer, 4 guns, barque-rigged; Fremantle commanded her for three years, and although he "saw little real fighting" in the New Zealand War he had a not uneventful commission of varied and valuable experience in command. In 1866 he married, at Sydney, Barberina Rogers (died 1923), eldest daughter of the Honourable Robert McIntosh Isaacs, of Sydney.  They had six sons, the fourth of whom died as a child.
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==Flag Rank==
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Fremantle was promoted to the rank of {{RearRN}} on 7 April, 1885, vice Hardinge.{{Gaz|25458|1587|7 April, 1885}}
  
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Returning home in February, 1867, Fremantle was promoted to {{CaptRN}} on 15 April.  Appointments for Captains were few, and he now spent no less than six years on half pay.  This was a very hard time for a married officer with scanty private means and a family of four boys; but he lived in a small house of his father's at Swanbourne, in Buckinghamshire, and devoted his time to local interests, to taking part in discussions at the United Service Institution, and to writing on naval subjects—occupation which "had its uses in keeping me in touch with the service;" he observed, however, that in the navy there was some prejudice against officers writing to the papers.  He spent some time in 1871–1872 at the [[Royal Naval College, Portsmouth]], where he passed the examination in gunnery—an unusual thing for a Captain, for which he received the thanks of the Admiralty. It was not, however, until March, 1873 that he obtained the command of the paddle-steamer ''Barracouta''.
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He was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the [[East Indies Station]] on 25 February, 1888.{{ClowesVII|p. 88}}
  
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In May, 1873 the ports in the Gold Coast Protectorate were threatened by an Ashanti army, and the ''Barracouta'' was sent with a reinforcement of 100 marines for Cape Coast Castle, where Fremantle found himself senior officer of a squadron of seven small vessels.  He took part in the operations for the defence of Elmina, in protecting Cape Coast Castle and Sekondi, Dix Cove, and Axim, and in various affairs on the coast, including Sir Garnet Wolseley's first operations.  He was severely wounded in the advance on Kumassi.  In November a severe bout of fever obliged him temporarily to leave the coast to recover at St. Helena; and he finally came home in May, 1874. He was made C.B. and C.M.G. in that year, and was mentioned in the vote of thanks in parliament.
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Fremantle was promoted to the rank of {{ViceRN}} on 30 August, 1890, vice [[William Henry Edye|Edye]].{{Gaz|26084|4773|2 September, 1890}}
  
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In September, 1874 Fremantle took command of the ''Doris'', frigate, 32 guns, one of a detached squadron cruising under sail.  Paying her off in September, 1876 he spent nine months on half pay, again attending lectures and writing articles for naval and other papers.  On 15 May, 1877 he was appointed to command the ''Lord Warden'', ironclad, 7,800 tons, in the Channel Squadron, but saw little sea-service in her, as she passed into the reserve in the following year.  The command lasted till November, 1879, when he transferred to the ''Invincible'', ironclad, 6,000 tons, one of the squadron in the Mediterranean under Admiral Hornby. While in command of these ships he saved life on two occasions.  When leaving Plymouth Sound in June, 1877 he jumped overboard after a boy who had fallen from aloft, and in Alexandria harbour in February, 1880, his ship being under way, he dived off the bridge and rescued with great difficulty, and nearly at the cost of his own life, a man who had fallen overboard. For the first of these acts he received the bronze medal of the Royal Humane Society, and for the second the Stanhope gold medal for 1880, the silver medal of the Royal Humane Society, and the gold medal of the Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners' Royal Benevolent Society.  In 1880 he was awarded the gold medal of the Royal United Service Institution for a prize essay on ''Naval Tactics''.
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On the occasion of the Queen's birthday, Fremantle was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (K.C.B.) on 23 May, 1889.{{Gaz|25939|2873|25 May, 1889}}
  
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In January, 1881 Fremantle was appointed senior naval officer at Gibraltar.  There he spent three years, "probably the most pleasant service of my career," although it galled him to witness, as an onlooker, the transports and men-of-war on their way to the war in Egypt. His next ship was the ''Dreadnought'', 10,800 tons, which he commanded from August, 1884 until 7 April, 1885, when he became {{RearRN}} at the age of forty-nine: he was then, with the exception of the Duke of Edinburgh, the youngest officer on the Flag List.  Fifteen months on half pay followed.  Shortly before this time the torpedo boat had made its appearance, and a school of French naval thought, which had adherents also in England, contended that the days of great ships were over.  Fremantle strongly opposed this view in two articles on "Ironclads and Torpedo Flotillas" and "Are Ironclads Doomed?" in the ''Nineteenth Century'' and ''Blackwood's Magazine'' respectively.  Many years later he maintained the same view in the controversy which was conducted in ''The Times'' in 1920–1921 between those who believed that the submarine had abolished the "battleship" and their opponents.  The problems of shipbuilding policy in relation to strategical needs was, in fact, the unceasing study of his active mind.  His view, in 1903, was that "we should build battleships of medium size, not more than 11,000 or 12,000 tons … which would be far more useful than our 15,000 ton battleships."  He wrote much in these years on the problems of trade defence and the need which it imposed for extensive cruiser forces ("Our Food Supply and Raw Material in War," ''Fortnightly Review'', February, 1903; "Oversea Trade in War," ''Navy League'', 1909).
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On 16 February, 1892, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the [[China Station]].{{ClowesVII|p. 88}}
  
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From August, 1886 until August, 1887 Fremantle flew his flag on board the ''Agincourt'' as Second-in-Command of the Channel Squadron.  In February, 1888 he was appointed to the command on the East India Station, with his flag on board the ''Bacchante'' and, later, the ''Boadicea''.  During his command a blockade on the East coast of Africa was conducted with the object of stamping out the slave trade. In January 1890, in expectation of a rupture with Portugal, his command was increased by vessels from the Cape, Australia, and China, but action proved unnecessary.  In October, 1890 an expedition was prepared for the punishment of the Sultan of Vitu, in British East Africa, who had murdered nine Europeans. The sultan's forces numbered some 7,000 to 8,000 men, though not more than 1,500 had fire-arms.  Fremantle's force, consisting of 700 seamen and marines, 400 troops from Lamu, and 150 Indian police, with 400 porters, marched against the sultan and carried the operation to a successful end.  On 30 August of that year Fremantle was promoted to {{ViceRN}}.
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Fremantle was promoted to the rank of {{AdmRN}} dated 10 October, 1896, vice [[Richard Wells|Wells]].{{Gaz|26787|5724|20 October, 1896}}
  
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In February, 1892 Fremantle was appointed [[Commander-in-Chief on the China Station]], flying his flag successively on board the ''Impérieuse'' and ''Centurion''.  He held the command until July, 1895.  During the Chino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 he had the delicate task of preventing as far as possible British trade with China. In June, 1896 he succeeded Admiral Sir Algernon Lyons as Commander-in-Chief at Devonport, and held the post for the customary three years. On 10 October, 1896 he was promoted to {{AdmRN}}.  On 15 June, 1901, having reached the age limit, he retired.  During the years between his retirement and his death, which took place in London on 10 February, 1929, he both read and wrote on current naval matters.  His principal contributions to naval literature were his prize essay on ''Naval Tactics on the open sea with the existing types of vessels and weapons'' (1880), the lives of Hawke and Boscawen in (Sir) John Laughton's ''From Howard to Nelson'' (1899), and an autobiographical volume, ''The Navy as I Have Known it'' (1904).  He was buried at Swanbourne.  A cartoon of Fremantle appeared in Vanity Fair on 29 November. 1894.
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On the occasion of the Queen's birthday he was appointed an Ordinary Member of the First Class, or Knight Grand Cross, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (G.C.B.) on 3 June, 1899.{{Gaz|27086|3585|3 June, 1899}}
  
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==Footnotes==
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In accordance with the provisions of the [[Order in Council of  22 February, 1870]], Fremantle was placed on the Retired List on 15 June, 1901.{{Gaz|27325|4183|21 June, 1901}}
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{{reflist}}
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 +
He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (G.C.V.O.) on 3 July, 1926.{{GazSup|33179|4406|3 July, 1926}}
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 +
==See Also==
 +
{{refbegin}}
 +
{{WP|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Fremantle}}
 +
{{refend}}
  
 
==Bibliography==
 
==Bibliography==
 
{{refbegin}}
 
{{refbegin}}
−
*"Admiral Sir E. R. Fremantle" (Obituaries).  ''The Times''.  Tuesday, 12 February, 1929.  Issue '''45125''', col A, pg. 9.
+
*"Admiral Sir E. R. Fremantle" (Obituaries).  ''The Times''.  Tuesday, 12 February, 1929.  Issue '''45125''', col A, p. 9.
 +
*[Fremantle, Rear-Admiral The Hon. Edmund R.] (October, 1885).  "Ironclads and Torpedo Flotillas."  ''The Nineteenth Century''.
 +
*[Fremantle, Rear-Admiral The Hon. Edmund R.] (April, 1887).  "Are Ironclads Doomed?"  ''Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine''.
 +
*Fremantle, Vice-Admiral The Hon. Sir Edmund (17 April, 1896).  "The Navy and India".  ''The Navy & Army Illustrated''  Vol. I (No. 9).  pp. 205-206.
 
*Fremantle, Admiral Hon<sup>ble</sup> Sir E. R. (1904).  ''The Navy as I have Known It: 1849&mdash;1899''.  London: Cassell and Company, Limited.
 
*Fremantle, Admiral Hon<sup>ble</sup> Sir E. R. (1904).  ''The Navy as I have Known It: 1849&mdash;1899''.  London: Cassell and Company, Limited.
 +
{{refend}}
 +
 +
==Papers==
 +
{{refbegin}}
 +
*[http://collections.rmg.co.uk/archive/objects/491757.html Papers in the possession of the National Maritime Museum.]  For a detailed list see [[Edmund Fremantle Papers at the National Maritime Museum]].
 
{{refend}}
 
{{refend}}
  
 
==Service Records==
 
==Service Records==
 
{{refbegin}}
 
{{refbegin}}
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*The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7894046&queryType=1&resultcount=2 ADM 196/36.]
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*{{TNA|ADM 196/36.|D7578580}}
−
*The National Archives.  [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7902751&queryType=1&resultcount=2 ADM 196/14.]
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*{{TNA|ADM 196/14.|D7587281}}
 
{{refend}}
 
{{refend}}
  
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[[Category:1836 births|Fremantle]]
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<div name=fredbot:appts>{{TabApptsBegin}}
−
[[Category:1929 deaths|Fremantle]]
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{{TabNaval}}
−
[[Category:Personalities|Fremantle]]
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Lindesay Brine|Lindesay Brine]]'''|'''[[H.M.S. Invincible (1869)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Invincible'']]'''<br>28 Nov, 1879<ref>Fremantle Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/14/109.|D7587281}} f. ?.</ref> &ndash; 9 Jan, 1881<ref>Fremantle Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/14/109.|D7587281}} f. ?.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Robert O'Brien FitzRoy|Robert O'B. FitzRoy]]'''}}
−
[[Category:Commanders-in-Chief on the China Station|Fremantle]]
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[William Henry Edye|William H. Edye]]'''|'''[[Gibraltar|Senior Officer, Gibraltar]]'''<br>10 Jan, 1881<ref>Fremantle Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/14/109.|D7587281}} f. ?.</ref> &ndash; 9 Nov, 1881<ref>Fremantle Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/14/109.|D7587281}} f. ?.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Claude Edward Buckle|Claude E. Buckle]]'''}}
−
[[Category:Commanders-in-Chief, Plymouth]]
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[H.M.S. Dreadnought (1875)|Captain of H.M.S. ''Dreadnought'']]'''<br>23 Aug, 1884<ref>Fremantle Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/14/109.|D7587281}} f. ?.</ref> &ndash; 28 Apr, 1885<ref>Fremantle Service Record.  {{TNA|ADM 196/14/109.|D7587281}} f. ?.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Frederick George Denham Bedford|Frederick G. D. Bedford]]'''}}
−
[[Category:Royal Navy Admirals|Fremantle]]
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Algernon Charles Fieschi Heneage|Algernon C. F. Heneage]]'''|'''[[Channel Squadron (Royal Navy)|Second-in-Command, Channel Squadron]]'''<br>9 Aug, 1886<ref>Fremantle service record. {{TNA|ADM 196/36/1348.}}</ref> &ndash; 18 Aug, 1887<ref>Fremantle service record. {{TNA|ADM 196/36/1348.}}</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Charles John Rowley|Charles J. Rowley]]'''}}
−
[[Category:Royal Navy Flag Officers|Fremantle]]
+
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Frederick William Richards|Frederick W. Richards]]'''|'''[[East Indies Station|Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station]]'''<br>25 Feb, 1888{{ClowesVII|p. 88}}|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Frederick Charles Bryan Robinson|Frederick C. B. Robinson]]'''}}
 +
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Frederick William Richards|Sir Frederick W. Richards]]'''|'''[[China Station|Commander-in-Chief, China Station]]'''<br>16 Feb, 1892{{ClowesVII|p. 88}} &ndash; 1895|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Alexander Buller|Sir Alexander Buller]]'''}}
 +
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''[[Algernon McLennan Lyons|Sir Algernon McL. Lyons]]'''|'''[[Plymouth Station|Commander in Chief, Plymouth Station]]'''<br>10 Jun, 1896{{ClowesVII|p. 86}} &ndash; 16 Jun, 1899<ref>"Naval & Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices).  ''The Times''.  Monday, 22 May, 1899.  Issue '''35835''', col D, p. 4.</ref>|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Henry Fairfax|Sir Henry Fairfax]]'''}}
 +
{{TabCourt}}
 +
{{TabApptsRow|Preceded by<br>'''?'''|'''[[Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom|Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom]]'''<br>25 Jul, 1901{{CN}} &ndash; 31 Dec, 1926{{CN}}|Succeeded by<br>'''[[Stanley Cecil James Colville|Stanley C. J. Colville]]'''}}
 +
{{TabEnd}}
 +
</div name=fredbot:appts>
 +
 
 +
==Footnotes==
 +
{{reflist}}
 +
 
 +
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fremantle, Edmund Robert}}
 +
 
 +
{{CatPerson|UK|1836|1929}}
 +
{{CatAdm|UK}}
 +
{{CatBritannia|Pre}}
 +
 
 +
[[Category:Prize Essay Gold Medallists of the Royal United Services Institution]]
 +
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society]]
 +
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Military Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath]]
 +
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
 +
[[Category:Companions of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George]]
 +
{{CatRN}}

Latest revision as of 21:12, 8 March 2023

Admiral Edmund R. Fremantle, 1917.
Portrait: © National Portrait Gallery, London.

Admiral THE HONOURABLE SIR Edmund Robert Fremantle, G.C.B., G.C.V.O., C.M.G., F.R.G.S., Royal Navy (15 June, 1836 – 10 February, 1929) was an officer of the Royal Navy.

Early Life & Career

Fremantle was promoted to the rank of Captain on 15 April, 1867.[1]

He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Third Class, or Companion, in the Military Division of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath (C.B.) on 13 March, 1874.[2] He was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Third Class, or Companion, of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (C.M.G.) on 8 May.[3]

While appointed to the Spartan on the China Station, Fremantle saved a drowning man. In June, 1877 he was awarded the Royal Humane Society's Bronze Medal for jumping overboard to save the life of a boy in Plymouth Sound. Incredibly, in February 1880 while in command of the Invincible, Fremantle jumped overboard in boots while the ship was making six knots to save a man. This deed was so great that he was awarded the R.H.S. Silver Medal and also the Stanhope Medal which marked it as the year's pinnacle of rescue bravery.[4]

Fremantle was awarded the Royal United Service Institution Gold Medal for an essay he wrote in 1879, beating out six other competitors on the assigned topic, "Naval tactics on the open sea, with the existing types of vessels and weapons."

Flag Rank

Fremantle was promoted to the rank of Rear-Admiral on 7 April, 1885, vice Hardinge.[5]

He was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies Station on 25 February, 1888.[6]

Fremantle was promoted to the rank of Vice-Admiral on 30 August, 1890, vice Edye.[7]

On the occasion of the Queen's birthday, Fremantle was appointed an Ordinary Member of the Second Class, or Knight Commander, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (K.C.B.) on 23 May, 1889.[8]

On 16 February, 1892, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the China Station.[9]

Fremantle was promoted to the rank of Admiral dated 10 October, 1896, vice Wells.[10]

On the occasion of the Queen's birthday he was appointed an Ordinary Member of the First Class, or Knight Grand Cross, in the Military Division of the Order of the Bath (G.C.B.) on 3 June, 1899.[11]

In accordance with the provisions of the Order in Council of 22 February, 1870, Fremantle was placed on the Retired List on 15 June, 1901.[12]

He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (G.C.V.O.) on 3 July, 1926.[13]

See Also

Bibliography

  • "Admiral Sir E. R. Fremantle" (Obituaries). The Times. Tuesday, 12 February, 1929. Issue 45125, col A, p. 9.
  • [Fremantle, Rear-Admiral The Hon. Edmund R.] (October, 1885). "Ironclads and Torpedo Flotillas." The Nineteenth Century.
  • [Fremantle, Rear-Admiral The Hon. Edmund R.] (April, 1887). "Are Ironclads Doomed?" Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine.
  • Fremantle, Vice-Admiral The Hon. Sir Edmund (17 April, 1896). "The Navy and India". The Navy & Army Illustrated Vol. I (No. 9). pp. 205-206.
  • Fremantle, Admiral Honble Sir E. R. (1904). The Navy as I have Known It: 1849—1899. London: Cassell and Company, Limited.

Papers

Service Records

Naval Appointments
Preceded by
Lindesay Brine 		Captain of H.M.S. Invincible
28 Nov, 1879[14] – 9 Jan, 1881[15] 		Succeeded by
Robert O'B. FitzRoy
Preceded by
William H. Edye 		Senior Officer, Gibraltar
10 Jan, 1881[16] – 9 Nov, 1881[17] 		Succeeded by
Claude E. Buckle
Preceded by
? 		Captain of H.M.S. Dreadnought
23 Aug, 1884[18] – 28 Apr, 1885[19] 		Succeeded by
Frederick G. D. Bedford
Preceded by
Algernon C. F. Heneage 		Second-in-Command, Channel Squadron
9 Aug, 1886[20] – 18 Aug, 1887[21] 		Succeeded by
Charles J. Rowley
Preceded by
Frederick W. Richards 		Commander-in-Chief, East Indies Station
25 Feb, 1888[22] 		Succeeded by
Frederick C. B. Robinson
Preceded by
Sir Frederick W. Richards 		Commander-in-Chief, China Station
16 Feb, 1892[23] – 1895 		Succeeded by
Sir Alexander Buller
Preceded by
Sir Algernon McL. Lyons 		Commander in Chief, Plymouth Station
10 Jun, 1896[24] – 16 Jun, 1899[25] 		Succeeded by
Sir Henry Fairfax
Court Appointments
Preceded by
? 		Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom
25 Jul, 1901[Citation needed] – 31 Dec, 1926[Citation needed] 		Succeeded by
Stanley C. J. Colville

Footnotes

  1. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 23242. p. 2313. 16 April, 1867.
  2. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24082. p. 1921. 31 March, 1874.
  3. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 24093. p. 2445. 8 May, 1874.
  4. ↑ Obituary.
  5. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 25458. p. 1587. 7 April, 1885.
  6. ↑ Clowes. The Royal Navy. Vol. VII. p. 88.
  7. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26084. p. 4773. 2 September, 1890.
  8. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 25939. p. 2873. 25 May, 1889.
  9. ↑ Clowes. The Royal Navy. Vol. VII. p. 88.
  10. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26787. p. 5724. 20 October, 1896.
  11. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27086. p. 3585. 3 June, 1899.
  12. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27325. p. 4183. 21 June, 1901.
  13. ↑ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 33179. p. 4406. 3 July, 1926.
  14. ↑ Fremantle Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/14/109. f. ?.
  15. ↑ Fremantle Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/14/109. f. ?.
  16. ↑ Fremantle Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/14/109. f. ?.
  17. ↑ Fremantle Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/14/109. f. ?.
  18. ↑ Fremantle Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/14/109. f. ?.
  19. ↑ Fremantle Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/14/109. f. ?.
  20. ↑ Fremantle service record. The National Archives. ADM 196/36/1348.
  21. ↑ Fremantle service record. The National Archives. ADM 196/36/1348.
  22. ↑ Clowes. The Royal Navy. Vol. VII. p. 88.
  23. ↑ Clowes. The Royal Navy. Vol. VII. p. 88.
  24. ↑ Clowes. The Royal Navy. Vol. VII. p. 86.
  25. ↑ "Naval & Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Monday, 22 May, 1899. Issue 35835, col D, p. 4.

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