Difference between revisions of "H.M.S. Vernon (Torpedo Training School)"
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| + | For our purposes, '''H.M.S. ''Vernon''''' was a shore facility located in Portsmouth and housed in a hulked sailing ship. It was the [[Royal Navy]]'s home for the research of [[Torpedo]]es and, soon thereafter, electricity and [[British Adoption of Radio Communication|wireless telegraphy]]. It was situated very near the modern day "Spinnaker Tower". | ||
| + | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
In 1871 it was decided that {{CommRN}} [[John Arbuthnot Fisher, First Baron Fisher|John Fisher]] would become Chief Torpedo Instructor at [[H.M.S. Excellent (Gunnery Training School)|H.M.S. ''Excellent'']] and educate officers in electricity and torpedoes.<ref>Mackay. ''Fisher of Kilverstone''. p. 106.</ref> In 1872 H.M.S. ''Vernon'' was selected to become the [[Royal Navy]]'s torpedo training school as a tender to ''Excellent''. ''Vernon'' was a fifty gun frigate designed by William Symonds which had been laid down in October, 1831 at Woolwich Royal Dockyard and launched on 1 May, 1832. She was described by Sir Charles Napier as the "most magnificent frigate ever built by any nation". She was hulked in March, 1863 and moved to Portsmouth for fitting out under the supervision of Fisher and was ready by the Spring of 1873.<ref>Sharp. ''Memoirs of the Life and Services of Rear-Admiral Sir William Symonds, Kt.''. p. 135.</ref><ref>Lyon; Winfield. ''The Sail & Steam Navy List''. p. 104.</ref><ref>Mackay. ''Fisher of Kilverstone''. pp. 109-110.</ref> In 1876 the Admiralty decided to separate ''Vernon'' from ''Excellent'', and the former was commissioned in her own right on 26 April, 1876 under Captain [[William Arthur]], with [[Arthur Knyvet Wilson, Third Baronet|Arthur K. Wilson]] as Commander (Second-in-Command).<ref>Mackay. ''Fisher of Kilverstone''. p. 125.</ref> | In 1871 it was decided that {{CommRN}} [[John Arbuthnot Fisher, First Baron Fisher|John Fisher]] would become Chief Torpedo Instructor at [[H.M.S. Excellent (Gunnery Training School)|H.M.S. ''Excellent'']] and educate officers in electricity and torpedoes.<ref>Mackay. ''Fisher of Kilverstone''. p. 106.</ref> In 1872 H.M.S. ''Vernon'' was selected to become the [[Royal Navy]]'s torpedo training school as a tender to ''Excellent''. ''Vernon'' was a fifty gun frigate designed by William Symonds which had been laid down in October, 1831 at Woolwich Royal Dockyard and launched on 1 May, 1832. She was described by Sir Charles Napier as the "most magnificent frigate ever built by any nation". She was hulked in March, 1863 and moved to Portsmouth for fitting out under the supervision of Fisher and was ready by the Spring of 1873.<ref>Sharp. ''Memoirs of the Life and Services of Rear-Admiral Sir William Symonds, Kt.''. p. 135.</ref><ref>Lyon; Winfield. ''The Sail & Steam Navy List''. p. 104.</ref><ref>Mackay. ''Fisher of Kilverstone''. pp. 109-110.</ref> In 1876 the Admiralty decided to separate ''Vernon'' from ''Excellent'', and the former was commissioned in her own right on 26 April, 1876 under Captain [[William Arthur]], with [[Arthur Knyvet Wilson, Third Baronet|Arthur K. Wilson]] as Commander (Second-in-Command).<ref>Mackay. ''Fisher of Kilverstone''. p. 125.</ref> | ||
| Line 11: | Line 13: | ||
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=William Elrington Gordon|nick=William E. Gordon|appt=1 June, 1879{{NLDec81|p. 249}}|end=15 February, 1883}} | {{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=William Elrington Gordon|nick=William E. Gordon|appt=1 June, 1879{{NLDec81|p. 249}}|end=15 February, 1883}} | ||
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Albert Hastings Markham|nick=Albert H. Markham|appt=15 February, 1883{{NLSep85|p. 256}}|end=27 May, 1886<ref>Markham Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/15.}} f. 12.</ref>}} | {{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Albert Hastings Markham|nick=Albert H. Markham|appt=15 February, 1883{{NLSep85|p. 256}}|end=27 May, 1886<ref>Markham Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/15.}} f. 12.</ref>}} | ||
| − | {{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Samuel Long|nick=Samuel Long|appt=28 May, 1886{{NLFeb88|p. 253}}|end= | + | {{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Samuel Long|nick=Samuel Long|appt=28 May, 1886{{NLFeb88|p. 253}}|end=1 January, 1889<ref>Long Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/36/2058.|}} f. 816.</ref>}} |
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Arthur Knyvet Wilson, Third Baronet|nick=Arthur K. Wilson|appt=1 January, 1889<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). ''The Times''. Friday, 14 December, 1888. Issue '''32569''', col B, p. 10.</ref><ref>Wilson Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/14.}} f. 942.</ref>|end=9 February, 1892<ref>Wilson Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/37.}} f. 1410.</ref>}} | {{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=Arthur Knyvet Wilson, Third Baronet|nick=Arthur K. Wilson|appt=1 January, 1889<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). ''The Times''. Friday, 14 December, 1888. Issue '''32569''', col B, p. 10.</ref><ref>Wilson Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/14.}} f. 942.</ref>|end=9 February, 1892<ref>Wilson Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/37.}} f. 1410.</ref>}} | ||
{{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=William Henry Hall|nick=William H. Hall|appt=9 February, 1892<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). ''The Times''. Friday, 5 February, 1892. Issue '''33553''', col E, p. 4.</ref>|end=1 November, 1893<ref>Hall Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/36.}} f. 246/566.</ref>}} | {{Tenure|rank=Captain|name=William Henry Hall|nick=William H. Hall|appt=9 February, 1892<ref>"Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). ''The Times''. Friday, 5 February, 1892. Issue '''33553''', col E, p. 4.</ref>|end=1 November, 1893<ref>Hall Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/36.}} f. 246/566.</ref>}} | ||
| Line 38: | Line 40: | ||
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Roderick Bruce Tremayne Miles|nick=Roderick B. T. Miles|appt=8 August, 1934<ref>Miles Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/50.|}} f. 327.</ref>|end=6 September, 1935<ref>Miles Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/50.|}} f. 327.</ref>}} | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Roderick Bruce Tremayne Miles|nick=Roderick B. T. Miles|appt=8 August, 1934<ref>Miles Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/50.|}} f. 327.</ref>|end=6 September, 1935<ref>Miles Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/50.|}} f. 327.</ref>}} | ||
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Algernon Usborne Willis|nick=Algernon U. Willis|appt=6 September, 1935{{NLJul37|p. 283}}<ref>Willis Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/52.|D7576714}} f. 460.</ref>|end=22 April, 1938<ref>Willis Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/52.|D7576714}} f. 460.</ref>}} | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Algernon Usborne Willis|nick=Algernon U. Willis|appt=6 September, 1935{{NLJul37|p. 283}}<ref>Willis Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/52.|D7576714}} f. 460.</ref>|end=22 April, 1938<ref>Willis Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/52.|D7576714}} f. 460.</ref>}} | ||
| − | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Denis William Boyd|nick=Denis W. Boyd|appt=April, 1938|ass=22 April, 1938<ref>Willis Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/52.|D7576714}} f. 460.</ref>|end= | + | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Denis William Boyd|nick=Denis W. Boyd|appt=21 April, 1938<ref>Boyd Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/96/8.|}} f. 8.</ref>|ass=22 April, 1938<ref>Willis Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/52.|D7576714}} f. 460.</ref>|end=20 November, 1939<ref>Boyd Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/96/8.|}} f. 8.</ref>}} |
{{Tenure|rank={{RearRN}} (retired)|name=Brian Egerton|nick=Brian Egerton|appt=November, 1939<ref>National Archives. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=062-csac29675 Papers of Rear Admiral Brian Egerton (1886 - 1973)]</ref>|end=4 June, 1943}} | {{Tenure|rank={{RearRN}} (retired)|name=Brian Egerton|nick=Brian Egerton|appt=November, 1939<ref>National Archives. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/A2A/records.aspx?cat=062-csac29675 Papers of Rear Admiral Brian Egerton (1886 - 1973)]</ref>|end=4 June, 1943}} | ||
{{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Harold Edward Morse|nick=Harold E. Morse|appt=4 June, 1943|end=21 September, 1944}} | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Harold Edward Morse|nick=Harold E. Morse|appt=4 June, 1943|end=21 September, 1944}} | ||
| + | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Norman Vere Grace|nick=Norman V. Grace|appt=21 September, 1944<ref>Grace Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/56/134.|}} f. 136.</ref>|end=early 1946<ref>Grace Service Record. {{TNA|ADM 196/56/134.|}} f. 136.</ref>}} | ||
| + | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=John Hughes-Hallett|nick=John Hughes-Hallett|appt=January, 1946|end=May, 1948}} | ||
| + | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Wilfred James Cameron Robertson|nick=Wilfred J. C. Robertson|appt=May, 1948|end=August, 1950}} | ||
| + | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Clarence Dinsmore Howard-Johnston|nick=Clarence D. Howard-Johnston|appt=August, 1950|end=October, 1952}} | ||
| + | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=Nicholas Alfred Copeman|nick=Nicholas A. Copeman|appt=October, 1952|end=December, 1954}} | ||
| + | {{Tenure|rank={{CaptRN}}|name=John Grant|nick=John Grant|appt=December, 1954|end=December, 1956|succBy=[[Edward Alan Blundell|Edward A. Blundell]]}} | ||
</div name=fredbot:officeCapt> | </div name=fredbot:officeCapt> | ||
==Numbers Trained== | ==Numbers Trained== | ||
This data is generally contained in Section I of each edition of the ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School''. | This data is generally contained in Section I of each edition of the ''Annual Report of the Torpedo School''. | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | There were also a considerable number of men trained in seagoing ships. | ||
{| border=1 | {| border=1 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! colspan=2| Number trained | + | ! colspan=2| Number trained in Seagoing Ships<br>in total |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 30 June, 1908 to 30 June, 1909 || 1,966{{ARTS1910|p. iv}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1910 || 2,368{{ARTS1911|p. iv}} | + | | 30 June, 1909 to 30 June, 1910 || 2,368{{ARTS1911|p. iv}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1911 || 2,322{{ARTS1911|p. iv}} | + | | 30 June, 1910 to 30 June, 1911 || 2,322{{ARTS1911|p. iv, 7}} |
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 1912 || 2,801{{ | + | | 30 June, 1911 to 30 June, 1912 || 2,801{{ARTS1912|p. iv, 8}} |
|} | |} | ||
| − | At some time prior to 1918, a course in [[Torpedo Control]] was instituted. | + | At some time prior to 1918, a short course in [[Torpedo Control]] was instituted. This is often referenced in the Service Records of men during the war as an appoinment to ''Vernon'' for a "T.C.C.". It was generally a week in duration. |
{| border=1 | {| border=1 | ||
Latest revision as of 12:14, 16 August 2021
For our purposes, H.M.S. Vernon was a shore facility located in Portsmouth and housed in a hulked sailing ship. It was the Royal Navy's home for the research of Torpedoes and, soon thereafter, electricity and wireless telegraphy. It was situated very near the modern day "Spinnaker Tower".
History
In 1871 it was decided that Commander John Fisher would become Chief Torpedo Instructor at H.M.S. Excellent and educate officers in electricity and torpedoes.[1] In 1872 H.M.S. Vernon was selected to become the Royal Navy's torpedo training school as a tender to Excellent. Vernon was a fifty gun frigate designed by William Symonds which had been laid down in October, 1831 at Woolwich Royal Dockyard and launched on 1 May, 1832. She was described by Sir Charles Napier as the "most magnificent frigate ever built by any nation". She was hulked in March, 1863 and moved to Portsmouth for fitting out under the supervision of Fisher and was ready by the Spring of 1873.[2][3][4] In 1876 the Admiralty decided to separate Vernon from Excellent, and the former was commissioned in her own right on 26 April, 1876 under Captain William Arthur, with Arthur K. Wilson as Commander (Second-in-Command).[5]
In addition to instruction, research and testing of experimental devices were core activities which were published in a series of annual reports.
Captains
Dates of appointment given:
- Captain William Arthur, 26 April, 1876[6] – 30 June, 1879
- Captain William E. Gordon, 1 June, 1879[7] – 15 February, 1883
- Captain Albert H. Markham, 15 February, 1883[8] – 27 May, 1886[9]
- Captain Samuel Long, 28 May, 1886[10] – 1 January, 1889[11]
- Captain Arthur K. Wilson, 1 January, 1889[12][13] – 9 February, 1892[14]
- Captain William H. Hall, 9 February, 1892[15] – 1 November, 1893[16]
- Commander Charles L. Ottley, 11 July, 1893[17] – 22 August, 1893[18] (temporary, during Hall's absence)
- Captain Baldwin W. Walker, 1 November, 1893[19]
- Captain John Durnford, 12 November, 1895[20] – 2 October, 1899
- Captain Charles G. Robinson, 2 October, 1899[21] – 10 February, 1902
- Captain George Le C. Egerton, 10 February, 1902[22] – 15 September, 1904[23] (lent in July 1903 for Chief Command of Red Side in torpedo craft in manoeuvres)
- Captain Henry B. Jackson, 15 September, 1904[24] – 24 December, 1904[25]
- Captain Charles J. Briggs, 24 December, 1904[26] – 9 May, 1907[27]
- Captain Douglas A. Gamble, 10 May, 1907[28] – 15 October, 1908
- Captain Robert S. P. Hornby, 18 October, 1908[29] – 1 November, 1911[30]
- Captain William C. M. Nicholson, 1 November, 1911[31] – 15 September, 1914[32]
- Captain Frederick L. Field, 15 September, 1914[33] – 17 September, 1915[34]
- Captain Harry L. d'E. Skipwith, 16 September, 1915[35][36] – 25 July, 1918[37]
- Captain (retired) Frederick C. U. V. Wentworth, 10 July, 1918[38]
- Captain Arthur K. Waistell, 13 March, 1919[39] – 6 April, 1920[40]
- Captain Christopher R. Payne, 6 April, 1920 – 6 April, 1922
- Captain John D. Allen, 6 April, 1922[41] – 15 July, 1924[42]
- Captain William R. Napier, 15 July, 1924[43] – 1 November, 1924[44] (temporary)
- Captain Henry K. Kitson, 1 November, 1924[45][46] – 1 November, 1926[47]
- Captain Nicholas E. Archdale, 1 November, 1926[48] – 31 October, 1928[49]
- Captain Henry D. Bridges, 1 November, 1928[50] – 1 November, 1930[51]
- Captain Stephen D. Tillard, 1 November, 1930 – 8 August, 1932
- Captain Alfred H. Taylor, 8 August, 1933[52] – 8 August, 1934[53]
- Captain Roderick B. T. Miles, 8 August, 1934[54] – 6 September, 1935[55]
- Captain Algernon U. Willis, 6 September, 1935[56][57] – 22 April, 1938[58]
- Captain Denis W. Boyd, 21 April, 1938[59] – 20 November, 1939[60]
- Rear-Admiral (retired) Brian Egerton, November, 1939[61] – 4 June, 1943
- Captain Harold E. Morse, 4 June, 1943 – 21 September, 1944
- Captain Norman V. Grace, 21 September, 1944[62] – early 1946[63]
- Captain John Hughes-Hallett, January, 1946 – May, 1948
- Captain Wilfred J. C. Robertson, May, 1948 – August, 1950
- Captain Clarence D. Howard-Johnston, August, 1950 – October, 1952
- Captain Nicholas A. Copeman, October, 1952 – December, 1954
- Captain John Grant, December, 1954 – December, 1956
Numbers Trained
This data is generally contained in Section I of each edition of the Annual Report of the Torpedo School.
There were also a considerable number of men trained in seagoing ships.
| Number trained in Seagoing Ships in total | |
|---|---|
| 30 June, 1908 to 30 June, 1909 | 1,966[64] |
| 30 June, 1909 to 30 June, 1910 | 2,368[65] |
| 30 June, 1910 to 30 June, 1911 | 2,322[66] |
| 30 June, 1911 to 30 June, 1912 | 2,801[67] |
At some time prior to 1918, a short course in Torpedo Control was instituted. This is often referenced in the Service Records of men during the war as an appoinment to Vernon for a "T.C.C.". It was generally a week in duration.
| Men trained in Vernon in Torpedo Control | |
|---|---|
| 1918[68] | |
| Cdrs & Lt-Cdrs, R.N. | 4 |
| Lts, R.N. | 62 |
| Sub-Lts, R.N., R.A.N. & R.C.N. | 287 |
| Mates, R.N. | 111 |
| Midshipmen, R.N. & R.C.N. | 13 |
| officers, R.N.R. & R.A.N.R. | 94 |
| officers, R.N.V.R. | 20 |
| officers, R.A.F. | 29 |
| officers, R.M. | 25 |
| Instructor Lts. | 13 |
| Warrant Schoolmasters | 50 |
| Total: | 708 |
Radio
In 1901, the school was noted as having or being slated to receive one Jackson, two Marconi and one "1 to 52" W/T set.[69]
At the end of 1909, she was to receive one of eleven Short Distance Radio Sets, to be installed at her next refit behind armour near the fore bridge, intended to supplant flag signaling.[70] In mid-1913, this gear was redesignated as Type 3.[71]
See Also
Footnotes
- ↑ Mackay. Fisher of Kilverstone. p. 106.
- ↑ Sharp. Memoirs of the Life and Services of Rear-Admiral Sir William Symonds, Kt.. p. 135.
- ↑ Lyon; Winfield. The Sail & Steam Navy List. p. 104.
- ↑ Mackay. Fisher of Kilverstone. pp. 109-110.
- ↑ Mackay. Fisher of Kilverstone. p. 125.
- ↑ The Navy List. (March, 1879). p. 249.
- ↑ The Navy List. (December, 1881). p. 249.
- ↑ The Navy List. (September, 1885). p. 256.
- ↑ Markham Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/15. f. 12.
- ↑ The Navy List. (February, 1888). p. 253.
- ↑ Long Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/36/2058. f. 816.
- ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Friday, 14 December, 1888. Issue 32569, col B, p. 10.
- ↑ Wilson Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/14. f. 942.
- ↑ Wilson Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/37. f. 1410.
- ↑ "Naval and Military Intelligence" (Official Appointments and Notices). The Times. Friday, 5 February, 1892. Issue 33553, col E, p. 4.
- ↑ Hall Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/36. f. 246/566.
- ↑ Ottley Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/39. f. 988.
- ↑ Ottley Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/39. f. 988.
- ↑ Blond. Technology and Tradition. p. 167.
- ↑ Blond. Technology and Tradition. p. 167.
- ↑ Blond. Technology and Tradition. p. 167.
- ↑ Egerton Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 396.
- ↑ Egerton Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 396.
- ↑ Jackson Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 685.
- ↑ Jackson Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/38. f. 685.
- ↑ Briggs Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/20. p. 654.
- ↑ Briggs Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/20. p. 654.
- ↑ Blond. Technology and Tradition. p. 167.
- ↑ Hornby Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 338.
- ↑ Hornby Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 338.
- ↑ Nicholson Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 214.
- ↑ Nicholson Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 214.
- ↑ Field Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 178.
- ↑ Field Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 178.
- ↑ Blond. Technology and Tradition. p. 167.
- ↑ Skipwith Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 255.
- ↑ Skipwith Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/42. f. 255.
- ↑ The Navy List. (December, 1918). p. 926.
- ↑ Waistell Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 344.
- ↑ Waistell Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/43. f. 344.
- ↑ Allen Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44. f. 44.
- ↑ Allen Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44. f. 44.
- ↑ Napier Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44. f. 296.
- ↑ Napier Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44. f. 296.
- ↑ The Navy List. (April, 1925). p. 279a.
- ↑ Kitson Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44. f. 186.
- ↑ Kitson Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/44. f. 186.
- ↑ Archdale Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/90. f. 187.
- ↑ Archdale Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/90. f. 187.
- ↑ Bridges Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/46/34. f. 34.
- ↑ Bridges Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/46/34. f. 34.
- ↑ Taylor Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/50/173. f. 173.
- ↑ Taylor Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/50/173. f. 173.
- ↑ Miles Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/50. f. 327.
- ↑ Miles Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/50. f. 327.
- ↑ The Navy List. (July, 1937). p. 283.
- ↑ Willis Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/52. f. 460.
- ↑ Willis Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/52. f. 460.
- ↑ Boyd Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/96/8. f. 8.
- ↑ Boyd Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/96/8. f. 8.
- ↑ National Archives. Papers of Rear Admiral Brian Egerton (1886 - 1973)
- ↑ Grace Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/56/134. f. 136.
- ↑ Grace Service Record. The National Archives. ADM 196/56/134. f. 136.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1910. p. iv.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1911. p. iv.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1911. p. iv, 7.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1912. p. iv, 8.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1918. p. 227.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1901. p. 112.
- ↑ Annual Report of the Torpedo School, 1909. Wireless Appendix, p. 25.
- ↑ Admiralty Weekly Order No. 306 of 20 June, 1913.
Bibliography
- Blond, A. J. L. (1993). Technology and Tradition: Wireless Telegraphy and the Royal Navy 1895-1920. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Lancaster: University of Lancaster.
